The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee — Context and Discussion

anched_ above; leaves oblong or elliptical, acutish, the basal rosulate, the uppermost linear; _cymes clustered, flat-topped, the flowers all nearly sessile_; tube of the (purple-rose-colored) corolla not twice the length of the oval lobes.--Waste grounds, shores of Lakes Ontario and Michigan. (Adv. from Eu.)

E. RAMOSÍSSIMA, Pers. Low (2--6´ high); _stem many times forked above and forming a diffuse cyme_; leaves ovate-oblong or oval, not rosulate below; _flowers all on short pedicels_; tube of the (pink-purple) corolla thrice the length of the elliptical-oblong lobes.--Wet or shady places, N. J., E. Penn., and southward. (Nat. from Eu.)

E. SPICÀTA, Pers. Stem strictly upright (6--10´ high); the _flowers sessile and spiked along one side of the simple or rarely forked branches_; leaves oval and oblong, rounded at base, acutish; tube of the (rose-colored or whitish) corolla scarcely longer than the calyx, the lobes oblong.--Sandy sea-shore, Nantucket, Mass., and Portsmouth, Va. (Nat. from Eu.)

Calyx 5--12-parted, the divisions slender. Corolla 5--12-parted, wheel-shaped. Stamens 5--12; anthers soon recurved. Style 2-cleft or -parted, slender.--Biennials or annuals, with slender stems, and cymose-panicled handsome (white or rose-purple) flowers, in summer. (Dedicated to _L. Sabbati_, an early Italian botanist.)

[*] _Corolla 5-parted, or rarely 6--7-parted._

[+] _Branches all opposite and stems more or less 4-angled; flowers cymose; calyx with long and slender lobes._

[++] _Corolla white, often turning yellowish in drying._

1. S. paniculàta, Pursh. _Stem brachiately much-branched_ (1--2° high); _leaves linear or the lower oblong, obtuse, 1-nerved_, nearly equalling the internodes; calyx-lobes much shorter than the corolla.--Low grounds, Va. to Fla.

2. S. lanceolàta, Torr. & Gray. _Stem simple_ (2--3° high) bearing a flat-topped cyme; _leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3-nerved_, the upper acute, much shorter than the internodes; calyx-lobes longer and flowers larger than in n. 1.--Wet pine barrens, N. J. to Fla.

[++][++] _Corolla rose-pink, rarely white, with a yellowish or greenish eye._

3. S. brachiàta, Ell. _Stem slightly angled_, simple below (1--2° high); _leaves linear and linear-oblong, obtuse_, or the upper acute; branches rather few-flowered, forming an oblong panicle; calyx-lobes nearly half shorter than the corolla.--Dry or low places, Ind. and N. C. to La. and Fla.

4. S. angulàris, Pursh. _Stem somewhat 4-winged-angled_, much branched above (1--2½° high), many-flowered; _leaves ovate_, acutish, 5-nerved, with a _somewhat heart-shaped clasping_ base; calyx-lobes one third or half the length of the corolla.--Rich soil, N. Y. to Ont. and Mich., south to Fla. and La.

[+][+] _Branches alternate (or the lower opposite in n. 5); peduncles 1-flowered_.

[++] _Calyx-lobes foliaceous._

5. S. calycòsa, Pursh. Diffusely forking, pale, 1° high or less; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, narrowed at base; calyx-lobes spatulate-lanceolate ({2/3}--1´ long), exceeding the rose-colored or almost white corolla.--Sea-coast and near it, Va. to Tex.

[++][++] _Calyx-lobes slender and tube very short (prominently costate in n. 6, and longer, nearly or quite enclosing the retuse capsule)._

6. S. campéstris, Nutt. Span or two high, divergently branched above; leaves ovate with subcordate clasping base (½--1´ long), on the branches lanceolate; calyx equalling the lilac corolla (1½--2´ broad).--Prairies, S. E. Kan. and W. Mo. to Tex.

7. S. stellàris, Pursh. Loosely branched and forking; _leaves oblong to lanceolate_, the upper narrowly linear; _calyx-lobes awl-shaped-linear, varying from half to nearly the length of the bright rose-purple corolla_; style nearly 2-parted.--Salt marshes, Mass. to Fla. Appears to pass into the next; corolla in both at times pink or white.

8. S. grácilis, Salisb. _Stem very slender_, at length diffusely branched; branches and long peduncles filiform; _leaves linear_, or the lower lance-linear, the uppermost similar to the _setaceous calyx-lobes, which equal the rose-purple corolla_; style cleft to the middle.--Brackish marshes, Nantucket, Mass., and N. J., to Fla. and La.

9. S. Ellióttii, Steud. Effusely much branched; _leaves small_, lower cauline (6´´ long or less) thickish, _from obovate to lanceolate_, upper narrowly linear and rather longer, on the flowering branches subulate; _calyx-lobes slender-subulate, very much shorter than the white corolla_; style 2-parted.--Pine barrens, S. Va. (?) to Fla.

[*][*] _Corolla 8--12-parted, large (about 2´ broad)._

10. S. chloroìdes, Pursh. Stem (1--2° high), loosely panicled above; peduncles slender, 1-flowered; leaves oblong-lanceolate; calyx-lobes linear, half the length of the deep rose-colored (rarely white) corolla.--Borders of brackish ponds, Mass. to Fla. and Ala.

Calyx 5- (rarely 6-) parted; its lobes long-acuminate, with carinate midrib. Corolla campanulate-funnel-form, deeply 5--6-lobed. Anthers oblong, versatile, straight or recurving in age. Style filiform, nearly persistent; stigma of 2 broad lamellæ.--Glaucous large-flowered annuals, with more or less clasping and connate leaves, and slender terminal and more or less paniculate 1-flowered peduncles. (From εὖ, _well_, and στόμα, _mouth_, alluding to the open-mouthed corolla.)

1. E. Russelliànum, Griseb. One or two feet high; leaves from ovate- to lanceolate-oblong; lobes of lavender-purple corolla obovate (1½´ long), 4 times longer than the tube; anthers hardly curving in age.--Neb. to Tex.

4. GENTIÀNA, Tourn. GENTIAN.